A book or old paper written by hand. Among them are Alfonso, Bonus Socius, Cessole, Gesta Romanorum, Göttingen, Vida, etc.
ECHESSPEDIA
Quotes of the Day
A game of chess has three phases: the opening, where you hope you stand better; the middlegame, where you think you stand better; and the ending, where you know you stand to lose.
Savielly Tartakower
I still think people can learn at any age – I’m actually sure about that. It’s just that the ceiling is lower for how far you want to go.
Magnus Carlsen 2016
I detest the endgame. A well-played game should be practically decided in the middle-game!
David Janowski
My chess method is without formulas, without orthodox thinking. I always explain that chess is an art and that there are no definite judgments.
Lev Polugaevsky 1990 NIC
He has weaknesses, as everyone does, but far fewer than those around him.
Veselin Topalov 2016