CLOSED opening

Term given to any opening which doesn’t start with 1.e4. The converse of ‘Closed Opening’ is ‘Open Game’.

Karpov, Kasparov, Korchnoi have absolutely destroyed chess by their immoral, unethical, prearranged games. These guys are really the lowest dogs around, and if people knew the truth about them, they would be held in more contempt than Ben Johnson, the runner, and they’re going to know the truth when I do this book! Robert Fischer
September, 1 1992
Chess…gives students an opportunity to think at a different level. Dr. Chad Witherspoon
2014
It is true, in chess so far that men and women cannot be on the same level from an economic situation, but there can always be a more reasonable way to combine the financial part and the players’ situation. Hou Yifan
2016
I have often written that Karpov is like an iceberg. Well, Kasparov was the Titanic. Alexander Roshal
I think the players in this world championship are in different leagues. Karjakin is excellent—Carlsen is special. Garry Kasparov
2016

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