CLOSED opening

Term given to any opening which doesn’t start with 1.e4. The converse of ‘Closed Opening’ is ‘Open Game’.

Carlsen: “I ran out of steam towards the end but fortunately I played better than he did” Magnus Carlsen
2017
Unfortunately this gentlemanlike behaviour among chessplayers is out of fashion. It’s my principle that you should respect your opponent as much as you respect yourself. Lajos Portisch
1990
Every chessmaster was once a beginner. Irving Chernev
There is no room for gallantry in chess. Irving Chernev
Chess is a scientific game and its literature ought to be placed on the basis of the strictest truthfulness, which is the foundation of all scientific research. W. Steinitz

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