CLOSED opening

Term given to any opening which doesn’t start with 1.e4. The converse of ‘Closed Opening’ is ‘Open Game’.

I understood that through chess I could express myself and chess became my natural language. Boris Spassky
1995
Karpov Lost, Kasparov Lost, the Only One Who Remained Is Me. Silvio Danailov
2014
I’ve been playing chess professionally for 35 years! It’s a long time, and when people can still say that they enjoy my chess, that’s great. Nigel Short
2016
Tal develops all his pieces in the centre and then sacrifices them somewhere. David Bronstein
Unfortunately this gentlemanlike behaviour among chessplayers is out of fashion. It’s my principle that you should respect your opponent as much as you respect yourself. Lajos Portisch
1990

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