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Russian Grandmaster (1995). Retired from international chess since 2002. The author of: Modern Practice 1… Nc6 (1998), World Chess Championship Matches (2002) and an encyclopedia on Jewish chess players. Peak rating: 2555 in 2006.

Polish Grandmaster (2006). Polish U18 Vice Champion in 1995. Best results: Augustow Open (POL) 2004, 1st; Raciborz Open (POL) 2005, 1st; Polish championship 2006, 3rd; Ceska Trebova Open 2007, 1st-6th. A member of the national team in 2005. Peak rating: 2581 in 2008.  

Scottish problemist. A member of the Good Companion society. Problem collector specialized in two-movers. Co-editor with Alain C. White of Chess Idylls, A Collection of Problems by Godfrey Heathcote(Christmas Series, 1918), The Good Companion Two-Mover (Christmas Series, 1922) and Changing Fashions: 150 Chess Problems (1925). Give his name for a two-mover composition theme.

Swedish problemist, International Judge for Chess Compositions (1956), who had composed more than 2300 problems. Founder of the magazine Springar in 1947. Author of Miniatyrer Urval (1965) which includes 69 of his compositions, Strateg I miniatyr problem (1969), Problemmavalkad (1971) and finally a compilation of his best problems was also published in Ett och annat

German-born painter and chess study composer, Horwitz belonged to the Berlin Pleiades before moving to Hamburg in 1839 and to London and Manchester six years later. In England he earned money by playing and teaching chess and by drawing portraits, especially of children, although he would have preferred to succeed at landscape painting. His chess

German-Austrian player and chess composer. German chess master in 1925. Teacher in Mathematics and officer in the Prussian army. After the second injury during WWI, he fell into Russian captivity. Before his successful escape chess helped him to survive the East Siberian camp. His best results were the third place at Hanover in 1926 and

Danish problemist and player. Teacher. Author of Skak Haanbook Anders Uitgave (1884). He gave his name to a theme related to the promotion.

American problemist who edited problem section in the American Chess Bulletin from 1949 till 1963. International Judge for Chess Compositions in 1956, International Master for Chess Composition in 1977. Author of To Allan White (1945), US Chess Problem Anthology (published posthumously in 2004 by Robert Clyde Moore). Many of his work were published in Holladay

Swiss problemist. FIDE Master for Chess Compositions (1990). Specialized in three-movers. Editor of problems in Schweizerische Schachzeitung (1990).

Swedish Grandmaster (2001). Swedish Champion in 1991 and 2005. Swedish Open Champion in 1997. Coach. Best results: Skei 1995, 1st; Rodeby Open 1997, 1st; Owens Comings 1998, 1st; Lund Open 2005, 1st; Tarragona Open 2007, 2nd; K41 Scandinavian Open 2008, 1st-3rd; Copenhagen Chess Challenge 2009 and 2010, 1st; Malta Open 2011, 1st. A participant in the