CLOSED opening

Term given to any opening which doesn’t start with 1.e4. The converse of ‘Closed Opening’ is ‘Open Game’.

When I am in the USSR, I have the feeling that every tram conductor plays chess better than I do. Hans Ree
” (about Lasker) For me, this personality, notwithstanding his fundamentally optimistic attitude, had a tragic note. The enormous mental resilience, without which no chess player can exist, was so much taken up by chess that he could never free his mind of this game, even when he was occupied by philosophical and humanitarian questions.” Albert Einstein
Preparation for a world championship was always an arms race, in previous times with books, then with seconds, today with computers. Vishy Anand
2008
To Put It Mildly, I Have Not a Bit of Respect For Topalov Vladimir Kramnik
2015
I think that the World Champion should try to defend the quality of play more than anyone else! Boris Spassky

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